The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says 2023 set a grim milestone as the hottest year on record, with climate indicators reaching catastrophic levels. 

The WMO’s new report, shows the extent of ongoing climate change through an array of shattered records: from soaring greenhouse gas concentrations to alarming rises in surface temperatures, oceanic heat, acidification, and a significant decline in Antarctic sea ice and glacier volume.

It reveals that the global average near-surface temperature rose to 1.45°C above pre-industrial baselines, making 2023 a new high point in the warmest decade observed since records commenced.

Ocean temperatures also reached record highs, with nearly one-third of the global ocean experiencing a marine heatwave on an average day in 2023. 

This warming has disrupted marine ecosystems and food chains, critically affecting biodiversity and food security.

The report shows that glacial retreat hit a record-breaking pace, with the global reference set of glaciers experiencing the most substantial ice loss documented since measurements began in 1950. 

Additionally, the stats show extreme melting episodes have occurred in western North America and Europe, contributing to rising sea levels and altering freshwater supplies.

Antarctic sea ice extent is now at its lowest since satellite observations began, with the maximum extent at the end of the winter season registering 1 million km² below the previous record. This loss is equivalent to the combined area of France and Germany.

The ramifications of these climatic shifts extend beyond environmental degradation, taking a heavy toll on socio-economic stability worldwide.

The report links a cascade of climate-related disasters - including intensified heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and cyclones - to substantial economic losses and humanitarian crises. 

These climatic events combined with societal vulnerabilities have amplified food insecurity, forced migrations, and exacerbated inequalities.

Despite the overwhelming evidence of climate upheaval, the WMO report identified a ray of hope in the transition towards renewable energy sources. 

A nearly 50 per cent increase in renewable energy capacity additions from the previous year underscored a pivotal shift in global energy dynamics, heralding progress towards decarbonization and sustainable development goals.

The report was released to coincide with the Copenhagen Climate Ministerial.